独立主格结构表示时间表示条件等的功能

独立主格结构表示时间表示条件等的功能
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）.它在句法上游离与句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何语法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。独立主格结构没有主语和位于，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号上与主句隔开。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，七作用相当于一个撰于从句，常用来辨识时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
1. 表示时间
Her work done ,she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
2. 表示条件
The condition being favourable , she may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3. 表示原因
There being taxis , we had to walk. 没有出坐车，我们只好步行。
4. 表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors ,silver the best of all.
几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
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Develop Better Relationships with Neighbors
Good neighbors are a lot like electricity or running water：we don’t know how much we depend on them until we don’t have them. They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we wrte, both as an individual and as a member of the community. Here is how to develop your relationships with these very important people in your life.
___ 1__ _Often neighbors don’t even know each other’s names. But it’s okay to be the one to break the ice , even if you’ve lived next door for years.Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the folks on the other side of the fence. So as you see them at work in their yards, smile, wave, and say hello. Ask how their kids are (whether they’re babies or in college), whether they could use an extra cucumber from your garden, or what they think of the price at the local supermarket.
___ 2__ _These days, the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past. But your new neighbors maybe feeling lonely and unsure, especially if they’re far from home, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes. If they have kids, tell them where the children in theneighborhood live. Recommend the best places to eat and sleep. Invite them over for coffee or tea when they get settled, give them your number, and point to your house as you say good-bye.
___ 3__ _ Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor, such as tools, in good repair and as soon as you’ve finished with them. Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you, your children, or your pets break or soil. Make sure that your car is not blocking their doorway. Such random acts of consideration will have your neighbors talking — and the talk will be good.
___ 4__ _If you value a friendship with your neighbors, spend time with them. What better way to meet your neighbors than to invite them to an informal barbecue, pool party, or holiday open house? Better yet, you might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor. Deliver the invitations in person to everyone who lives on your street and chat with each for five minutes before moving on to the next house. This way, you will get an idea of what your neighbors are like so that you can plan for appropriate food and music.
___ 5__ _ In a good relationship, it’s really the little things that count. Help to bring in the mail for the elderly neighbor when there is a heavy rain. When your neighbor forgets to take in his rubbish cans, roll them back into his yard. If you’re truly concerned, you’ll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up — a bunch of flowers or a helping hand when it’s needed. All it takes to develop your relationship with neighbors is the respect for their feelings.